Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from Fermented Fish Sauce (Budu)

This study aimed to isolate antioxidant peptides from Budu extract and identify novel antioxidant peptides using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS/MS). An amino acid analyzer was used to analyze the amino acid composition of peptides. Two novel peptides, Lue-Asp-Asp-Pro-Val-Phe-Ile-His (LDDPVFIH) and Val-Ala-Ala-Gly-Arg-Thr-Asp-Ala-Gly-Val-His (VAAGRTDAGVH), were identified. The synthesized peptide of LDDPVFIH showed higher antioxidant activity. The presence of hydrophobic amino acids (Ile and Leu), acidic (Asp) and basic (His) amino acids in the peptide sequences is believed to contribute to the high antioxidant activity of the fermented anchovy fish (Budu) extract. Thus, the two peptides may have potential application as functional foods and could also be used as nutraceutical compounds.     

咸干蓝点马鲛品质特征与优势菌群分析

为了更好地了解传统咸干蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)(鲅鱼)的品质特征，以市售产品中感官品质较为突出的咸干鲅鱼作为研究对象，对其水分、含盐量、NaNO2含量、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)等理化指标进行了测定，并进一步对咸干鲅鱼中的优势菌进行了分离、纯化与鉴定。结果显示，咸干鲅鱼样品含水量为54.40%、含盐量为3.1%，属于半干低盐制品；NaNO2含量为5.07 mg/kg，符合相关食品安全标准的规定；TVB-N含量高达40.12 mg/100 g，说明发酵过程蛋白质降解程度较大；TBARS值为10.00 mg/kg，脂质氧化程度在感官可接受的范围内。咸干鲅鱼中的微生物以细菌为主，清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei)、产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes)、长赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus macrolides)和香坊肠杆菌(Enterobacter xiangfangensis)为优势菌。其中，清酒乳杆菌具有发酵菌的典型特征，可能在咸干鲅鱼发酵过程中起主要作用。     

Development and Application of Cotton InDel Markers Based on High Throughput Sequencing

[Objective] Dimorphic InDel markers can be used for cotton variety identification and purity detection, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cotton seed testing, and to play a role in molecular breeding of cotton. [Method] Based on the whole genome sequencing of 121 cotton varieties from different sources, the InDel markers with high polymorphism were developed according to polymorphism information content(PIC) and were applied in the genetic distance analysis and cluster analysis by using 66 cotton varieties in China. [Result] Totally 10 967 InDel were identified based on the next generation sequencing data of 121 cotton varieties. Among the 85 pairs of InDel primers synthesized, 64 were selected including 35 from At group and 29 from Dt group. The minimum average allelic frequency(MAF) of At and Dt chromosomes were 0.45 and 0.32, respectively, while the PIC were 0.49 and 0.40, respectively. The genetic distances of the 66 cotton varieties ranged from 0.04 to 0.65 centimorgan (cM), with an average of 0.39 cM. The two varieties with the largest genetic distance were Simian 3 and CCRI 36, and the two varieties with the smallest genetic distance were Xumian 18 and Xuza 3. [Conclusion] The 64 cotton dimorphic InDel markers can effectively reveal the relationships among varieties based on the genetic distance, and distinguish cotton varieties from different sources, which has certain theoretical significance and application value.     

翅形态特征在重阳木斑蛾成虫性别鉴定中的应用

为了明确重阳木斑蛾的翅形态特征在其性别鉴定中的作用,探索雌雄难于区分的成虫的数值鉴定方法。采用图像处理与分析技术,通过爱普生扫描仪获取重阳木斑蛾前翅图,利用BugShape v1.0软件提取雌雄成虫翅的轮廓特征,利用tpsDig2软件获取翅脉交叉点位置特征,并利用独立样本t检验和标志点空间普氏叠加和扭曲分析,以明确此类特征在该成虫雌雄鉴定中的作用。结果表明,重阳木斑蛾成虫左右前翅轮廓特征在同一性别中差异不显著。仅利用左前翅数据进行分析时,翅面积、短轴长度、等效圆半径、偏心率、球状性和圆形度在两个性别中存在极显著差异,周长和长轴长度的差异达到显著水平,而紧凑度和叶状性差异不显著。使用左右前翅作为数据集进行分析时,除紧凑度和叶状性差异仍不显著外,其余参数均达到极显著水平。雌雄前翅轮廓特征作为指标来判别性别时正确率为100%,但存在左右翅相互错判现象。翅膀内部翅脉交叉点的空间位置在个体间存在较大差异,主要表现在相对于翅的横向方向变异大。雌雄间的差异主要存在于外缘附近的翅脉交叉点。结论:通过前翅的轮廓特征可以区分重阳木斑蛾雌雄成虫的差异。翅脉交叉点空间位置在雌雄间和个体间存在一定的变异。     

中国畜牧业生产波动的特征及路径识别

基于1978—2016年畜禽产品年度产量数据,采用HP滤波技术和非线性MS-AR模型,分析中国畜牧业生产波动的特征,从畜牧业生产区制转换的视角剖析畜牧业生产波动的具体路径,探讨影响畜牧业生产波动和路径转换的原因。结果表明:从生产波动变化趋势上看,猪肉生产增长高峰期出现最早,其次是牛肉、羊肉、禽肉和禽蛋生产,牛奶生产增长高峰期出现时间最晚;从生产波动比较上看,猪肉生产波动幅度最小,其他畜牧产业生产波动幅度相对较大,各畜牧产业生产波动趋势存在差异,但近年来总体趋于收敛。通过模型识别将畜牧业生产划分为低速、中速和快速增长3个区制,低速和中速增长区制下各畜禽业产品产量平均增长率在3%和5%左右,而快速增长区制下平均增长率在10%以上;猪肉生产倾向于保持中速增长,牛肉、羊肉和牛奶生产容易出现低中速增长往复徘徊的现象,禽肉和禽蛋生产在各区制下均较为稳定且区制变迁较为平稳;改革开放以来,除牛奶产业以外,其他畜牧产业生产基本在低速或中速增长区制时间最长。基于此,提出针对不同畜禽产业在不同发展阶段相机制定不同调控政策,推动畜禽产业规模化养殖和产业化经营水平,提高畜禽产业抗冲击能力等建议。     

A data transfer method for improving seed identification of maize (Zea mays) haploid breeding based on genetic similarity

Maize haploid breeding technology is able to identify haploid seeds non‐destructively, rapidly and at low cost with the help of Near‐infrared (NIR) spectral analysis. However, due to the hybridization of numerous parents and the low production rate of haploid, the haploid data collection becomes a burden for engineering this technology. Biologically, there are considerable similarities between the progeny of the same female parent and different male parents. Based on this advantage, similar spectral data can be transferred when the NIR technology is employed. A revised method of Transfer adaptive boost (TrAdaBoost) is proposed to improve identifying for the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) classifier. To avoid the negative transfer, a screening thresh is used to select out similar data, and the amount of these data are limited to join current training. The results show that the identification performances are improved significantly when the data amount is small. This method shows a high ability to make the seed identification more convenient for engineering maize haploid breeding.     

70份国外小麦品种(系)的苗期和成株期抗叶锈病鉴定

小麦叶锈病是小麦生产中的重要病害之一,培育持久抗病品种是最经济、有效和环保的方法。本研究用19个不同毒力的叶锈菌小种苗期接种70份国外引进小麦品种(系)及36个已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品种进行抗性鉴定,同时在2016—2017年度分别于河北保定和河南周口对70份国外引进品种进行田间抗叶锈性鉴定。为进一步检测材料中所携带的苗期和成株抗叶锈病基因,利用12个与已知基因紧密连锁的分子标记进行检测,综合基因推导、系谱分析和分子标记检测的结果,在33份材料中鉴定出15个抗叶锈病基因,包括Lr1、Lr2a、Lr26、Lr3ka、Lr11、Lr17、Lr30、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr2b、Lr13、Lr15、Lr21、Lr44和Lr45,田间鉴定筛选出39份品种表现慢锈性。苗期和田间表现表明,国外品种中含有丰富的对我国叶锈菌小种有效的苗期和成株期抗叶锈病基因,可作为小麦抗叶锈病抗源在抗病育种中加以利用。     

四川水稻品种审定30年稻瘟病抗性鉴定的回顾与思考

水稻稻瘟病是水稻重要的真菌病害，严重时可导致水稻绝收，因此水稻品种的抗稻瘟病审定是一项重要的工作。为了加强对四川水稻品种抗稻瘟病审定工作的认识，笔者总结了水稻的重要地位、稻瘟病的流行危害及水稻品种抗稻瘟病鉴定工作，回顾了四川省水稻区试稻瘟病抗性鉴定工作的发展历程，介绍了国家南方区试稻瘟病抗性鉴定在长江上游的部署与发展。这为以后发展水稻品种抗病审定工作提供一定参考和帮助。     

健康家兔肠道中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

本试验选用MRS、MRS+10%家兔硬粪浸出液和MRS+10%泡菜汁3种选择培养基,对健康家兔肠道的乳酸菌群分别进行需氧和厌氧培养,根据可培养细菌菌落特征、染色特性、显微镜形态观测,共分离出7株乳酸菌株,其中需氧菌2株,厌氧菌5株。结合生化试验初步鉴定,需氧菌株分别为乳酸乳球菌和短乳杆菌,厌氧菌株分别为嗜酸乳杆菌,嗜粪乳杆菌,肠乳杆菌,乳酸乳杆菌和弯曲乳杆菌。本实验为弄清健康家兔肠道的有益菌群,以便下一步制作更易于在畜禽的肠道中定植存活的复合动物微生态制剂做准备。     

肾上腺皮质肿瘤良恶性鉴别方法探究

肾上腺皮质肿瘤（Adrenocortical Tumor,ACT）是一种常见的肿瘤,存在于人体的内分泌系统中,并且是引发肾上腺皮质癌（Adrcnocortical Carcinoma,ACC）进而导致死亡的主要原因.经典的＂Weiss系统＂在诊断明确性上存在种种无法解决的问题,但随着科技水平的发展,人们开始探索新的途径来鉴别ACT的良恶性,于是开始有了影像学和分子生物学技术等特异性的检查方法,从而进一步增强了诊断的明确性.现通过对比的方式,探究肾上腺皮质肿瘤（Adrenocortical Tumor,ACT）影像学检查和分子生物学技术检查的结果,从而能更准确地鉴别其良恶性.